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Understanding Cannabis Therapeutic Profiles
Beyond "indica vs. sativa": Learn how the entourage effect—the synergy between terpenes and cannabinoids—creates strain-specific therapeutic outcomes.
The Entourage Effect
The entourage effect is the theory that cannabis compounds work better together than in isolation. First proposed by Dr. Raphael Mechoulam and expanded by Dr. Ethan Russo, it explains why whole-plant cannabis often produces different effects than isolated cannabinoids like pure THC or CBD.
Key Insight
The distinction between "indica" and "sativa" is largely marketing—modern cannabis is extensively hybridized. Effects are better predicted by the specific terpene and cannabinoid profile than by strain classification. A "sativa" high in myrcene will be more sedating than an "indica" with pinene dominance.
How It Works
The entourage effect operates through several mechanisms:
- Receptor modulation: Terpenes can enhance or reduce how cannabinoids bind to CB1/CB2 receptors
- Blood-brain barrier: Some terpenes may increase cannabinoid bioavailability and CNS penetration
- Multi-target effects: Terpenes act on their own receptors (GABA, serotonin, etc.) independent of cannabinoids
- Side effect mitigation: CBD and certain terpenes may reduce THC's adverse effects like anxiety
Key Research
Note on Evidence
While the entourage effect has strong theoretical support and preclinical evidence, human clinical trials are limited. Effects described here are based on available research and may not apply to all individuals.
Terpene Science
Terpenes are aromatic compounds found throughout nature—they give lavender its calming scent and lemons their energizing aroma. In cannabis, they may significantly influence the therapeutic experience.
Myrcene
Effect: Sedation, Muscle Relaxation
Mechanism: GABA-A modulation
Earthy, Musky
Limonene
Effect: Mood Elevation, Anti-Anxiety
Mechanism: Serotonin, adenosine A2A
Citrus, Lemon
Linalool
Effect: Calm, Anxiolytic
Mechanism: GABA-A (like benzos)
Floral, Lavender
β-Caryophyllene
Effect: Anti-Inflammatory, Pain
Mechanism: CB2 receptor agonist
Spicy, Pepper
Pinene
Effect: Alertness, Memory
Mechanism: Acetylcholinesterase inhibition
Pine, Fresh
Terpinolene
Effect: Uplifting, Creative
Mechanism: Multiple pathways
Floral, Herbal
Terpene Concentration Levels
Understanding terpene percentages helps predict potency of effects:
>1.0%
Primary driver of effects; defines the strain's character
0.5-1.0%
Significant contribution to effects and aroma
0.1-0.5%
Supporting role in the entourage effect
<0.1%
Minimal direct contribution
THC:CBD Ratios
The ratio of THC to CBD significantly affects the experience. CBD can modulate THC's effects, potentially reducing anxiety while preserving therapeutic benefits.
High CBD
20:1 CBD:THC or higher
Best for:
CBD-Dominant
8:1 to 20:1 CBD:THC
Best for:
Balanced
1:1 to 4:1 CBD:THC
Best for:
THC-Dominant
1:1 to 20:1 THC:CBD
Best for:
High THC
>20:1 THC:CBD
Best for:
Condition-Specific Profiles
Based on published research, these are the ideal terpene and cannabinoid profiles for specific conditions. Our strain matching algorithm uses these profiles to suggest suitable strains.
Sleep & Insomnia
Key Terpenes
Cannabinoid Profile
Mechanism
GABAergic sedation
Chronic Pain
Key Terpenes
Cannabinoid Profile
Mechanism
CB1/CB2 modulation, anti-inflammation
Anxiety
Key Terpenes
Cannabinoid Profile
Mechanism
5-HT1A agonism, THC anxiety buffer
Depression
Key Terpenes
Cannabinoid Profile
Mechanism
Serotonin/dopamine modulation, CB2
Inflammation
Key Terpenes
Cannabinoid Profile
Mechanism
NF-ÎşB inhibition, CB2 activation
Focus
Key Terpenes
Cannabinoid Profile
Mechanism
Acetylcholinesterase inhibition
Practical Application
How to Use This Information
Identify Your Goals
What are you trying to address? Sleep, pain, anxiety, focus?
Check the Therapeutic Profile
Find the ideal terpene/cannabinoid combination for your condition.
Look at Lab Results
Always check the Certificate of Analysis (COA) for the actual product you're purchasing.
Start Low, Go Slow
Individual responses vary. Begin with low doses and adjust based on your experience.
Important Caveats
Batch Variability
The same strain name from different growers—or even different harvests—can have very different terpene profiles. "Blue Dream" from one dispensary may have completely different terpenes than another. Always verify with lab results.
Individual Variation
Your endocannabinoid system is unique. Two people using the same strain can have different experiences. Genetics, tolerance, metabolism, and even gut bacteria affect responses.
Work With Your Doctor
This information is educational, not medical advice. Your recommending physician can help you find the right products and dosing for your specific situation.
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Browse our strain database and see therapeutic profile matches for each strain.